Public vs. Private Insurance
Public Health Insurance (Gesetzliche Krankenversicherung – GKV): Public insurance is government-funded and covers about 85-90% of the population. It provides a broad range of medical services, including doctor visits, hospital care, and even some preventive services. Public insurance is generally financed through contributions based on the income of the insured person, and employers contribute a portion of this as well. Family members who do not work (like spouses and children) are generally covered at no extra cost.
Private Health Insurance (Private Krankenversicherung – PKV): Private insurance is generally more flexible in terms of the services provided, and policyholders can usually access a wider range of medical services and treatments. However, unlike public insurance, private insurance premiums are not income-based and can be much higher. Private insurance may be more suitable for high-income earners, self-employed individuals, and certain professionals.
Coverage
Basic Coverage: Both public and private health insurance plans in Germany offer comprehensive coverage, including outpatient and inpatient treatment, medication, mental health services, and more.
Additional Coverage: Individuals can purchase additional insurance for services not covered by their basic plan, such as private rooms during hospital stays, dental care, or alternative treatments.
Enrollment
Mandatory Insurance: Health insurance is mandatory for all residents of Germany. If you are employed with an income below a certain threshold, you are automatically enrolled in the public healthcare system unless you specifically opt for private insurance.
Voluntary Membership: If your income is above the aforementioned threshold, you have the option to choose between public and private health insurance.
Costs
Contributions: For public health insurance, contributions are typically around 14.6% of your gross income, up to a certain income ceiling. This cost is generally shared equally between the employer and the employee.
Co-payments: Some additional out-of-pocket expenses, such as prescription co-payments, might apply.
Access to Healthcare Services
Once you are insured, you have access to a wide network of healthcare providers. Patients are generally free to choose their general practitioner (Hausarzt) and can consult specialists upon referral.
